Solar Power Technology

There are lots of benefit using solar cell as sources for public facilities, one of the examples is for public street lighting. Unlike ordinary lighting that requires electric power sources, in terms of long distance or isolated location, these solar cell lighting could be applied in there, and it could save costs for installment and materials, for example cables.

With solar cell power, it is also more efficient, because doesn’t need any fuel, so it requires almost no operating costs, cause the nature have giving it for free.
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In a gas turbine plant where oil, natural gas, or synthesis gasmaybe used as a fuel, the hot combustion gases are directly used to drive a gas turbine, rather than transferring heat to steam and driving a steam turbine. This requires a different turbine, appropriate for the much higher temperature of the combustion gases and their different thermodynamic properties compared to steam. Gas turbines are easily brought on line and have flexible load match. But their cycle efficiencies are lower than those of steam plants, and the fuel is more expensive.

Therefore, gas turbines are mostly used for peak load production and for auxiliary power, such as during major plant outages. However, recently many natural gas-fueled gas turbine plants have been installed in the United States and other countries; but these usually employ the combined cycle mode, which has a higher efficiency than the single cycle mode.
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The boiler is the central component of a fossil-fueled steam power plant. Most modern boilers are of the water wall type, in which the boiler walls are almost entirely constructed of vertical tubes that either carry feed water into the boiler or carry steam out of the boiler. The first water wall boiler was developed by George Babcock and StephenWilcox in 1867. The early water wall boilers were used in conjunction with reciprocating piston steam engines, such as used in old locomotives.

Only in the twentieth century, with the advent of the steam turbine, and its requirement for large steam pressures and flows, has the water wall boiler been fully developed. In a modern water wall boiler the furnace and the various compartments of the boiler are fully integrated.
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The role of the burner is to provide a thorough mixing of the fuel and air so that the fuel is completely burned. Ignition is accomplished by a spark-ignited light oil jet until the flame is self-sustaining. In the combustion chamber a pulverized coal particle or atomized oil droplet burns in a fraction of a second.

The coal particle or oil droplet burns from the outside to the core, leaving behind incombustible mineral matter. The mineral matter is called ash. In modern pulverized coal and atomized oil fired power plants, more than 90% of the mineral matter forms the so-called fly ash, which is blown out of the boiler by forced or natural draft and is later captured in particle collectors.
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In a fossil-fueled power plant the chemical energy inherent in the fossil fuel is converted first to raise the enthalpy of the combustion gases; that enthalpy is transferred by convection and radiation to a working fluid (usually, water/steam); the enthalpy of the working fluid is converted to mechanical energy in a turbine; and finally the mechanical energy of the turbine shaft is converted to electrical energy in a generator.

The major components of a fossil fueled power plant are as follows:
• Fuel storage and preparation
• Burner Read more »